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HTML 多列布局教程

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本文将介绍如何使用不同方法创建多列布局网页。常见的布局方式包括使用 <div> 元素、HTML5 语义元素以及 <table> 元素。在现代网页设计中,提倡使用语义化标签来提升页面的可读性和维护性。

使用 <div> 元素的布局

<div> 元素是一个通用容器,可以通过 CSS 轻松定位和样式化。在早期网页设计中,常用 <div> 元素搭配 CSS 实现布局。

示例代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>City Gallery</title>
    <style>
        #header {
            background-color: black;
            color: white;
            text-align: center;
            padding: 5px;
        }
        #nav {
            line-height: 30px;
            background-color: #eeeeee;
            height: 300px;
            width: 100px;
            float: left;
            padding: 5px;
        }
        #section {
            width: 350px;
            float: left;
            padding: 10px;
        }
        #footer {
            background-color: black;
            color: white;
            clear: both;
            text-align: center;
            padding: 5px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

<div id="header">
    <h1>City Gallery</h1>
</div>

<div id="nav">
    London<br>
    Paris<br>
    Tokyo<br>
</div>

<div id="section">
    <h1>London</h1>
    <p>
        London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
        with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
    </p>
    <p>
        Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia,
        its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
    </p>
</div>

<div id="footer">
    Copyright W3School.com.cn
</div>

</body>
</html>

使用 HTML5 语义元素的布局

HTML5 提供了许多语义化标签,如 <header><nav><section><footer>,用于更清晰地定义网页的各个部分。

示例代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>City Gallery</title>
    <style>
        header {
            background-color: black;
            color: white;
            text-align: center;
            padding: 5px;
        }
        nav {
            line-height: 30px;
            background-color: #eeeeee;
            height: 300px;
            width: 100px;
            float: left;
            padding: 5px;
        }
        section {
            width: 350px;
            float: left;
            padding: 10px;
        }
        footer {
            background-color: black;
            color: white;
            clear: both;
            text-align: center;
            padding: 5px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

<header>
    <h1>City Gallery</h1>
</header>

<nav>
    London<br>
    Paris<br>
    Tokyo<br>
</nav>

<section>
    <h1>London</h1>
    <p>
        London is the capital city of England. It is the most populous city in the United Kingdom,
        with a metropolitan area of over 13 million inhabitants.
    </p>
    <p>
        Standing on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia,
        its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who named it Londinium.
    </p>
</section>

<footer>
    Copyright W3School.com.cn
</footer>

</body>
</html>

使用 <table> 元素的布局

虽然 <table> 元素主要用于显示表格化数据,但也可以用于布局。不过,这种方式不推荐,因为它不符合语义化设计的原则。

示例代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Table Layout</title>
    <style>
        table.lamp {
            width: 100%;
            border: 1px solid #d4d4d4;
        }
        table.lamp th, td {
            padding: 10px;
        }
        table.lamp td {
            width: 40px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>

<table class="lamp">
    <tr>
        <th>
            <img src="/images/lamp.jpg" alt="Note" style="height:32px;width:32px">
        </th>
        <td>
            The table element was not designed to be a layout tool.
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>

</body>
</html>

总结

  • 语义化标签:优先使用 HTML5 的语义标签,它们使代码更具可读性和维护性。
  • CSS布局:通过 CSS 实现布局,确保页面的响应性和灵活性。
  • 现代布局技术:考虑使用 Flexbox 和 Grid 等现代布局工具来实现复杂的布局。

选择合适的布局方式可以提升网页的可读性、可维护性以及用户体验。

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